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The Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry ((ドイツ語:Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie)) is a scientific institute based in Munich, Germany specializing in Psychiatry. Currently directed by Elisabeth Binder, Alon Chen and Martin Keck, it is one of the 81 institutes in the Max Planck Society.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Max Planck Institutes )〕 ==History== The Institute was founded as the German Institute for Psychiatric Research ((ドイツ語:Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie)) by King Ludwig III of Bavaria in Munich on February 13, 1917. The main force behind the institute was the psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin. Substantial funding was received from the Jewish-American banker James Loeb, as well as from the Rockefeller Foundation, well into the 1930s.〔(James Loeb ) Harvard University Press〕 The Institute became affiliated with the K. W. Society for the Advancement of Science ((ドイツ語:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften)) in 1924. In 1928 a new building of the institute was opened at 2 Kraepelinstrasse. The building was financed primarily by a donation of $325,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation. Under the leadership of department heads Walther Spielmeyer, Ernst Rüdin, Felix Plaut, Kurt Schneider and Franz Jahnel, the Institute gained an international reputation as a leading institution for psychiatric research.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of the Institute )〕 Rudin, a student of Kraepelin's, took over the directorship of the Institute in 1931, while also remaining head of genetics. As well as fostering an international scientific reputation, the Institute developed close ties with the Nazi regime. Rudin (along with Eugen Fischer of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics) joined expert government committees. Rudin wrote the official commentary endorsing the forced sterilization laws. He was such an avid proponent that colleagues nicknamed him the "Reichsfuhrer for Sterilization".〔(Science and Inhumanity: The Kaiser-Wilhelm/Max Planck Society ) William E. Seidelman MD, 2001〕〔 Felix Plaut (in 1935) and Kurt Neubürger were dismissed from the Institute due to their Jewish origin.〔 Copies of Rudin's lecture notes show that his teaching at the Institute was anti-semitic.〔 The Institute received a great deal of government funding, which was openly designed to further the Nazi regime's aims.〔(Baltic Eugenics: Bio-Politics, Race and Nation in Interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918-1940 : Volker Roelcke: 3. Eliot Slater and the Institutionalization of Psychiatric Genetics in the United Kingdom ) pg 304〕 Some Institute funds seem to have gone on to support the work of Institute employee Julius Duessen with Carl Schneider at Heidelberg University, clinical research which from the beginning involving killing children.〔(Man, Medicine, and the State ) Pg 73-〕〔(The Missing Gene ) Jay Joseph, 2006, pg142-〕〔(Medicine and Medical Ethics in Nazi Germany: Origins, Practices, Legacies ) Chapter by V. Roelcke, Pg106〕〔(Program and practice of psychiatric genetics at the German Research Institute of Psychiatry under Ernst Rudin: on the relationship between science, politics and the concept of race before and after 1993 ) by V. Roelcke, 2002〕 During the Second World War, the Institute's facilities sustained much damage.〔 After the war, Rudin claimed he was just an academic, had only heard rumours of the killing of psychiatric patients at nearby asylums, and that he hated the Nazis. He was supported by former Institute colleague Josef Kallmann (a eugenicist himself) and famous quantum physicist Max Planck and released with a 500 mark fine.〔(Genetic Research in Psychiatry and Psychology Under the Microscope ) Jay Joseph. Pg 33-, 48. Original source: (Created Nazi Science of Murder ) Victor H Berstein, 1945, August 21, PM Daily〕 In 1954 the Institute was incorporated into the Max Planck Society (as successive institution of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften under maintenance of the foundation of 1917). The Institute was divided into an Institute of Brain Pathology and a Clinical Institute, both at 2 Kraepelinstrasse. Twelve years later in 1966, the Institute was renamed as the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. In the same year, a new research clinic was opened in Kraepelinstrasse 10.〔 In 1984 the theoretical part of the Institute moved to a new building in Martinsried, west of Munich. The Departments of Neurochemistry, Neuromorphology, Neuropharmacology and Neurophysiology were moved there. The Clinical Department, the Departments of Ethology and Psychology remained in Kraepelinstrasse. The independent Research Center of Psychopathology and Psychotherapy were closed.〔 In 1989 the Institute's building in Kraepelinstrasse was renovated and enlarged with the addition of a new laboratory wing.〔 In 1998 the theoretical part and the clinical part of the Institute segregated. The theoretical division of the Institute became the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology and the clinical part kept the name "Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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